RAGTIME: a forerunner of jazz, in march time for piano
STRIDE: in ragtime and jazz, a piano style where the left hand jumps from a bass note on the beat to a chord on the offbeat
STRAIN: in ragtime, a self-contained group of four phrases
SWUNG rhythm: any of a number of metrically irregular rhythms used in jazz
UP tempo: a fast tempo in jazz
DRUM SET: in jazz and rock, an assembly of drums and cymbals, some worked by pedals
BREAK: in jazz, a brief passage for one unaccompanied player, in strict rhythm (thus unlike a cadenza)
ADDED-NOTE CHORDS: Chords consisting of a triad plus extra notes (such as a 6th, 7th, or 9th above the root of the triad)
CHORUS: in jazz, a passage based on the original tune (or its harmony), similar to a variation in a classical theme and variations
HEAD: the opening chorus of a jazz number
OUT CHORUS: the concluding chorus of a jazz number
DIXIELAND or HOT JAZZ: the earliest style of jazz, which emerged in New Orleans around 1920; closely related to dance music and the blues, often with a clear chorus structure interrupted by occasional breaks
BIG BAND: a style of jazz from the 1930's, with pieces arranged in advance for large bands including many horns playing in close harmony
SWING: a fast style of jazz from the 1930's, eminently danceable
BEBOP: a style of jazz from the 1940's characterized by small bands, improvisatory solos based on chords rather than melodies, broken melismas, edgy rhythms carried by bass and cymbals rather than piano and drums, and an artistic mindset
COOL JAZZ: a response to bebop featuring more languid harmonies, tempos, and rhythms